java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError durch ActivityTestRule-Instanziierung

Question

Ich habe einen Espressotest zu meinem Android-Projekt hinzugefügt und einen IncompatibleClassChangeError in der Zeile, die eine ActivityTestRule erstellt, erhalten. Wie finde ich heraus, was es verursacht hat?

ist die Codezeile, die den Fehler verursacht hat: (HomePageScreenTest.java:27)

@Rule 
public ActivityTestRule<HomePageActivity> homePageActivityTestRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(HomePageActivity.class); 

Hier wird der Fehler:

java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: com.example.rocklee.mehmvp.HomePage.HomePageActivity 
at dalvik.system.DexFile.defineClassNative(Native Method) 
at dalvik.system.DexFile.defineClass(DexFile.java:226) 
at dalvik.system.DexFile.loadClassBinaryName(DexFile.java:219) 
at dalvik.system.DexPathList.findClass(DexPathList.java:321) 
at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:54) 
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:511) 
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:469) 
at com.example.rocklee.mehmvp.HomePage.HomePageScreenTest.<init>(HomePageScreenTest.java:27) 
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Native Method) 
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:288) 
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:217) 
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:266) 
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) 
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:263) 
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78) 
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) 
at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:128) 
at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:27) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) 
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) 
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:115) 
at android.support.test.internal.runner.TestExecutor.execute(TestExecutor.java:54) 
at android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.onStart(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:240) 
at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:1853) 

Answer 1

In meiner build.gradle Abhängigkeit I nur hatte

androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2.1' 

zu

zu ändern

// Espresso-contrib for DatePicker, RecyclerView, Drawer actions, Accessibility checks, CountingIdlingResource 
androidTestCompile ('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2.1') { 
    exclude module: 'support-annotations' 
    exclude module: 'support-v4' 
    exclude module: 'support-v13' 
    exclude module: 'recyclerview-v7' 
} 

Ich fand diesen Code in Jacobsburons Kommentar auf this answer, und es behob mein Problem.